Provinces that PAID more to the federal government than they received between 1961 and 1988 (Alberta and British Columbia) are shown in black. Provinces that RECEIVED more from the federal government than they paid during the same period are shown in red.

Source: Robert L. Mansell and Ronald C. Schlenker. A version of this graph appears in David Kilgour, Inside Outer Canada, (Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing, 1990), p. 88.

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